What immediate action must Valerie take after confirming Mr. Goodman does not have a pulse and is not breathing?

After confirming that Mr. Goodman does not have a pulse and is not breathing, the most critical and immediate action is to begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This is essential because CPR is designed to provide artificial circulation and maintain blood flow to vital organs until professional help arrives or normal heart rhythm is restored. Starting CPR as soon as possible can significantly increase the chances of survival in a cardiac arrest situation.

In this scenario, the rapid initiation of chest compressions is vital, as it helps to circulate oxygenated blood to the brain and other organs, delaying potential brain injury and increasing the likelihood of a positive outcome. The guidelines stress that high-quality CPR should be started immediately in cases of cardiac arrest.

Other options, such as calling for emergency assistance, administering oxygen, or preparing an AED, while important steps in the overall response to a cardiac arrest, do not take precedence over starting CPR. Delaying even a few seconds to perform these actions could be detrimental to the patient's chances of survival. Therefore, beginning CPR immediately is the correct and most appropriate action in this emergency scenario.